日本性感染症学会誌 Journal of Japanese Society for Sexually Transmitted Infections

An increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal among HIV-positive men who have sex with men has been widely reported. The current screening and treatment of precancerous lesions, including anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), is based on the experience with cervical cancer and is widely performed primarily in developed countries based on expert opinion, but is not yet recommended in major HIV guidelines. Experiences in Japan are very limited. Here, I describe the AIN screening and treatment algorithm, including our experiences, and discuss issues to be solved for the algorithm implementation in Japan.