日本性感染症学会誌 Journal of Japanese Society for Sexually Transmitted Infections

Objective: This study investigated and compared the prevalence rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its consistency in semen, urine, and glans-rubbed samples among patients with male infertility. Patients and Methods: This study included thirty-six patients (mean age: 31±6 years) with a complaint of infertility for more than one year. Semen, urine, and glans-rubbed samples were collected from each patient. DNA was extracted from each sample, and amplification of β-globin gene was confirmed by PCR in all samples. Subsequently, HPV-DNA was examined by using nested PCR, and then HPV genotyping was carried out by flow-through hybridization in HPV-positive samples. HPV-DNA detection rate and its consistency were compared in each sample. Results: Semen and glans-rubbed samples could be collected from all of cases, whereas urine samples could be collected from 27 cases. The prevalence rates of HPV were 8.3%, 7.4%, and 13.8% in semen, urine, and glans-rubbed samples, respectively. HPV genotypes detected in each sample were 53 and 66 in semen, 16 and 58 in urine, and 44, 45, 51, 52, 58, and 66 in glans-rubbed samples. Co-infection of HPV was observed in two cases (one case in semen and glans-rubbed samples, and one in urine and glans-rubbed samples). However, HPV genotypes detected in these cases were not consistent at all. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate and compare HPV prevalence and consistency of genotype in semen, urine, and glans-rubbed samples. Our results suggest that the origin of HPV containing in semen samples may be seminal ducts rather than contamination from the glans or urethra.